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Ronald Huynen
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scripts/BACKUP_GUIDE.md
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scripts/BACKUP_GUIDE.md
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# Laravel Timebank Backup & Restore Guide
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This guide provides comprehensive instructions for backing up and restoring your Laravel Timebank application data, including database and storage files.
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## Table of Contents
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1. [Overview](#overview)
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2. [Quick Start](#quick-start)
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3. [Installation & Setup](#installation--setup)
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4. [Backup Scripts](#backup-scripts)
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5. [Restore Scripts](#restore-scripts)
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6. [Automation Setup](#automation-setup)
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7. [Monitoring & Maintenance](#monitoring--maintenance)
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8. [Troubleshooting](#troubleshooting)
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9. [Best Practices](#best-practices)
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## Overview
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The backup system consists of several components:
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- **Database Backup**: Compressed MySQL dumps with rotation
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- **Storage Backup**: Incremental rsync-based file backups
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- **Automated Scheduling**: Cron-based periodic backups
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- **Retention Management**: Automatic cleanup of old backups
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- **Verification**: Backup integrity checks
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- **Email Notifications**: Success/failure notifications for all operations
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- **Restore Tools**: Simple restoration procedures
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### Backup Types
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- **Daily**: 7 days retention, incremental storage backups
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- **Weekly**: 4 weeks retention, full storage backups
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- **Monthly**: 12 months retention, complete archives
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- **Full**: On-demand complete backups
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## Quick Start
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### Perform a Manual Backup
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```bash
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# Complete backup (database + storage)
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./scripts/backup-all.sh daily
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# Database only
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./scripts/backup-database.sh daily
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# Storage only
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./scripts/backup-storage.sh daily
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# With verification and notifications
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./scripts/backup-all.sh daily --verify --notify
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```
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### List Available Backups
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```bash
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# List database backups
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./scripts/restore-database.sh --list-backups
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# List storage backups
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./scripts/restore-storage.sh --list-backups
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```
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### Restore from Latest Backup
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```bash
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# Restore database from latest backup
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./scripts/restore-database.sh --latest
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# Restore storage from latest backup
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./scripts/restore-storage.sh --latest
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# Merge storage (don't replace existing files)
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./scripts/restore-storage.sh --latest --merge
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```
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### Configure Retention (Optional)
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Customize how long backups are kept:
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```bash
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# View current settings
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./scripts/cleanup-backups.sh --help
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# Edit retention policy
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nano scripts/backup-retention.conf
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```
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**Quick settings:** Change DAILY_RETENTION, MONTHLY_RETENTION, or disk thresholds to suit your storage needs.
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## Installation & Setup
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### 1. Verify Prerequisites
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Ensure the following are installed on your system:
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```bash
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# Required tools
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which mysqldump mysql rsync tar gzip
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```
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### 2. Configure Environment
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Your `.env` file must contain proper database credentials:
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```env
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DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
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DB_PORT=3306
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DB_DATABASE=timebank_cc
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DB_USERNAME=your_username
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DB_PASSWORD=your_password
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```
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### 3. Configure Retention Policy (Optional)
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The backup system uses default retention settings, but you can customize them:
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```bash
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# View current retention settings
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./scripts/cleanup-backups.sh --help
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# Edit retention configuration (optional)
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nano scripts/backup-retention.conf
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# Common adjustments:
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# - DAILY_RETENTION=14 # Keep daily backups for 2 weeks instead of 1
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# - MONTHLY_RETENTION=730 # Keep monthly backups for 2 years instead of 1
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# - DISK_WARNING_THRESHOLD=75 # Earlier disk space warnings
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```
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**Quick retention examples:**
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- **More storage space**: Increase DAILY_RETENTION=14, MONTHLY_RETENTION=730
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- **Less storage space**: Decrease DAILY_COUNT_LIMIT=3, MONTHLY_COUNT_LIMIT=6
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- **Earlier disk warnings**: Set DISK_WARNING_THRESHOLD=75
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### 4. Set Permissions
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Ensure backup scripts are executable:
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```bash
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chmod +x scripts/*.sh
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```
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### 4. Test Backup
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Run a test backup to verify everything works:
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```bash
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./scripts/backup-all.sh daily --verify
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```
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### 5. Check Backup Directory
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Verify backups are created:
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```bash
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ls -la backups/
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```
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## Backup Scripts
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### backup-database.sh
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Creates compressed MySQL database backups.
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**Usage:**
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```bash
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./scripts/backup-database.sh [daily|weekly|monthly]
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```
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**Features:**
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- Compressed gzip output
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- Single-transaction consistency
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- Includes routines, triggers, events
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- Automatic retention cleanup
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- Backup verification
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- Email notifications on success
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**Example:**
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```bash
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# Daily database backup
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./scripts/backup-database.sh daily
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# Monthly database backup
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./scripts/backup-database.sh monthly
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```
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### backup-storage.sh
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Creates compressed archives of the storage directory.
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**Usage:**
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```bash
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./scripts/backup-storage.sh [daily|weekly|monthly|full]
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```
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**Features:**
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- Incremental backups using rsync
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- Hard links for space efficiency
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- Excludes cache and temporary files
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- Full backup option available
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- Compressed tar.gz output
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- Email notifications on success
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**Example:**
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```bash
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# Incremental storage backup
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./scripts/backup-storage.sh daily
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# Full storage backup
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./scripts/backup-storage.sh full
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```
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### backup-all.sh
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Master orchestration script for complete backups.
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**Usage:**
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```bash
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./scripts/backup-all.sh [daily|weekly|monthly] [options]
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```
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**Options:**
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- `--storage-only`: Backup only storage files
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- `--database-only`: Backup only database
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- `--verify`: Verify backups after creation
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- `--notify`: Send notifications on completion
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**Example:**
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```bash
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# Complete backup with verification
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./scripts/backup-all.sh weekly --verify --notify
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# Storage only backup
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./scripts/backup-all.sh daily --storage-only
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```
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## Restore Scripts
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### restore-database.sh
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Restores database from backup files.
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**Usage:**
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```bash
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./scripts/restore-database.sh [backup_file] [options]
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```
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**Options:**
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- `--confirm`: Skip confirmation prompt
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- `--list-backups`: List available backups
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- `--latest`: Restore from latest backup
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**Examples:**
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```bash
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# List available backups
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./scripts/restore-database.sh --list-backups
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# Restore latest backup
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./scripts/restore-database.sh --latest
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# Restore specific backup (full path)
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./scripts/restore-database.sh backups/database/daily/timebank_daily_20240101.sql.gz
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# Restore specific backup (filename only - auto-resolves path)
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./scripts/restore-database.sh timebank_daily_20240101.sql.gz
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```
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**Safety Features:**
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- Creates pre-restore backup
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- Confirmation prompts
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- Backup verification
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- Detailed logging
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- Email notifications on success
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- Automatic path resolution
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### restore-storage.sh
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Restores storage files from backup archives.
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**Usage:**
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```bash
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./scripts/restore-storage.sh [backup_file] [options]
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```
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**Options:**
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- `--confirm`: Skip confirmation prompt
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- `--list-backups`: List available backups
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- `--latest`: Restore from latest backup
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- `--merge`: Merge with existing files (don't replace)
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**Examples:**
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```bash
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# Restore latest storage backup
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./scripts/restore-storage.sh --latest
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# Merge latest backup with existing files
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./scripts/restore-storage.sh --latest --merge
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# Restore specific backup (full path)
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./scripts/restore-storage.sh backups/storage/weekly/weekly_20240101.tar.gz
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# Restore specific backup (filename only - auto-resolves path)
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./scripts/restore-storage.sh weekly_20240101.tar.gz
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```
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### restore-all.sh
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Complete system restoration script for both database and storage.
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**Usage:**
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```bash
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./scripts/restore-all.sh [options]
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```
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**Options:**
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- `--latest`: Restore from latest backups (both database and storage)
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- `--database-file FILE`: Specify database backup file
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- `--storage-file FILE`: Specify storage backup file
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- `--database-latest`: Use latest database backup only
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- `--storage-latest`: Use latest storage backup only
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- `--confirm`: Skip confirmation prompts
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- `--list-backups`: List available backups
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**Examples:**
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```bash
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# Restore both database and storage from latest backups
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./scripts/restore-all.sh --latest
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# Restore specific files
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./scripts/restore-all.sh --database-file timebank_daily_20240101.sql.gz --storage-file daily_20240101.tar.gz
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# Database only restore
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./scripts/restore-all.sh --database-latest
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# List all available backups
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./scripts/restore-all.sh --list-backups
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```
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**Features:**
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- Orchestrates complete system restoration
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- Handles both database and storage restoration
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- Automatic path resolution for backup files
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- Pre-restore backups for safety
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- Email notifications on success
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- Post-restore Laravel optimization
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## Automation Setup
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### Cron Configuration
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Copy and customize the cron configuration:
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```bash
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# Copy template
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sudo cp scripts/cron-backup.conf /etc/cron.d/timebank-backup
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# Edit paths and email addresses
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sudo nano /etc/cron.d/timebank-backup
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# Verify cron syntax
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sudo cron -T
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```
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### Alternative: User Crontab
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For non-root installations:
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```bash
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# Edit user crontab
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crontab -e
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# Add backup schedules (example)
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0 2 * * * cd /path/to/timebank && ./scripts/backup-all.sh daily --verify
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0 3 * * 0 cd /path/to/timebank && ./scripts/backup-all.sh weekly --verify
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0 4 1 * * cd /path/to/timebank && ./scripts/backup-all.sh monthly --verify
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```
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### Email Notification Setup
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All backup and restore scripts automatically send email notifications on successful completion.
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#### Prerequisites
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Install mail utilities:
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```bash
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# Ubuntu/Debian
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sudo apt install mailutils postfix
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# Configure postfix for "Local only" delivery during setup
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```
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#### Email Configuration
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By default, notifications are sent to `$USER@localhost`. To customize:
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```bash
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# Set custom email address (optional)
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export BACKUP_NOTIFY_EMAIL="admin@yourdomain.org"
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```
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#### Email Subjects and Content
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**Backup Notifications:**
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- Subject: "Timebank DB Backup Success"
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- Subject: "Timebank Storage Backup Success"
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- Content: Includes timestamp and backup details
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**Restore Notifications:**
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- Subject: "Timebank DB Restore Success"
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- Subject: "Timebank Storage Restore Success"
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- Subject: "Timebank Complete Restore Success"
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- Content: Includes timestamp and restored file information
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#### Checking Local Mail
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View received notifications:
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```bash
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# Open mail client
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mail
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# List messages
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mail -H
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# Quick check for new messages
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ls -la /var/mail/$USER
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```
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#### Webhook Notifications (Optional)
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For additional notification methods:
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```bash
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# Webhook notifications
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export BACKUP_WEBHOOK_URL="https://hooks.slack.com/your-webhook"
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```
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## Monitoring & Maintenance
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### cleanup-backups.sh
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Manages backup retention and disk space.
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**Usage:**
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```bash
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./scripts/cleanup-backups.sh [options]
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```
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**Options:**
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- `--dry-run`: Show what would be deleted
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- `--force`: Force cleanup regardless of disk space
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- `--verbose`: Show detailed information
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**Features:**
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||||
- Automatic retention policy enforcement
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- Disk space monitoring
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||||
- Empty directory cleanup
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||||
- Detailed reporting
|
||||
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||||
**Example:**
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```bash
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# Dry run to see what would be cleaned up
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./scripts/cleanup-backups.sh --dry-run --verbose
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|
||||
# Force cleanup
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||||
./scripts/cleanup-backups.sh --force
|
||||
```
|
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|
||||
### Retention Policy Configuration
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||||
|
||||
The cleanup script uses a configurable retention policy system that allows you to customize backup retention settings.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Configuration File
|
||||
|
||||
**Location**: `scripts/backup-retention.conf`
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|
||||
The configuration file controls:
|
||||
- **Time-based retention**: How long to keep backups (in days)
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||||
- **Count-based retention**: How many recent backups to keep
|
||||
- **Disk space thresholds**: When to trigger cleanup
|
||||
- **Email notifications**: Enable/disable cleanup emails
|
||||
- **Advanced settings**: Cleanup modes and verification options
|
||||
|
||||
#### Configuration Options
|
||||
|
||||
**Time-based Retention (days):**
|
||||
```bash
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||||
DAILY_RETENTION=7 # Keep daily backups for 7 days
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||||
WEEKLY_RETENTION=28 # Keep weekly backups for 28 days
|
||||
MONTHLY_RETENTION=365 # Keep monthly backups for 365 days
|
||||
PRE_RESTORE_RETENTION=30 # Keep pre-restore backups for 30 days
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||||
LOG_RETENTION=30 # Keep log files for 30 days
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Count-based Retention (number of files):**
|
||||
```bash
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||||
DAILY_COUNT_LIMIT=7 # Keep 7 most recent daily backups
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||||
WEEKLY_COUNT_LIMIT=4 # Keep 4 most recent weekly backups
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||||
MONTHLY_COUNT_LIMIT=12 # Keep 12 most recent monthly backups
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||||
PRE_RESTORE_COUNT_LIMIT=5 # Keep 5 most recent pre-restore backups
|
||||
SNAPSHOT_COUNT_LIMIT=3 # Keep 3 most recent storage snapshots
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Disk Space Management:**
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||||
```bash
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||||
DISK_WARNING_THRESHOLD=85 # Send warning at 85% disk usage
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||||
DISK_CRITICAL_THRESHOLD=95 # Force cleanup at 95% disk usage
|
||||
```
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||||
|
||||
**Notification Settings:**
|
||||
```bash
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||||
EMAIL_NOTIFICATIONS_ENABLED=true # Enable/disable email notifications
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||||
BACKUP_NOTIFY_EMAIL=admin@domain.org # Custom email address (optional)
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||||
```
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||||
|
||||
#### Customizing Retention Policies
|
||||
|
||||
**View Current Configuration:**
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
./scripts/cleanup-backups.sh --help
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Edit Configuration:**
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Edit the config file
|
||||
nano scripts/backup-retention.conf
|
||||
|
||||
# Test changes with dry run
|
||||
./scripts/cleanup-backups.sh --dry-run --verbose
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Configuration Examples
|
||||
|
||||
**Conservative (longer retention):**
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
DAILY_RETENTION=14 # 2 weeks
|
||||
WEEKLY_RETENTION=56 # 8 weeks
|
||||
MONTHLY_RETENTION=730 # 2 years
|
||||
DAILY_COUNT_LIMIT=14 # More daily backups
|
||||
MONTHLY_COUNT_LIMIT=24 # 2 years of monthly backups
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Aggressive (shorter retention):**
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
DAILY_RETENTION=3 # 3 days only
|
||||
WEEKLY_RETENTION=14 # 2 weeks
|
||||
MONTHLY_RETENTION=180 # 6 months
|
||||
DAILY_COUNT_LIMIT=3 # Fewer daily backups
|
||||
DISK_WARNING_THRESHOLD=75 # Earlier warning
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Space-constrained environment:**
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
DAILY_COUNT_LIMIT=3 # Keep only 3 daily backups
|
||||
WEEKLY_COUNT_LIMIT=2 # Keep only 2 weekly backups
|
||||
MONTHLY_COUNT_LIMIT=6 # Keep only 6 monthly backups
|
||||
DISK_WARNING_THRESHOLD=70 # Early disk space warnings
|
||||
DISK_CRITICAL_THRESHOLD=85 # More aggressive cleanup threshold
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Validation and Safety
|
||||
|
||||
The configuration system includes:
|
||||
- **Input validation**: Invalid values fall back to defaults
|
||||
- **Range checking**: Values must be within reasonable ranges
|
||||
- **Relationship validation**: Critical threshold must be higher than warning
|
||||
- **Fallback system**: Uses defaults if config file is missing or corrupted
|
||||
|
||||
#### Advanced Settings
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Cleanup behavior
|
||||
CLEANUP_MODE=both # Options: age_only, count_only, both
|
||||
CLEANUP_EMPTY_DIRS=true # Remove empty directories after cleanup
|
||||
VERIFY_BEFORE_DELETE=false # Verify backup integrity before deletion
|
||||
|
||||
# Email control
|
||||
EMAIL_NOTIFICATIONS_ENABLED=true # Master switch for email notifications
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Health Monitoring
|
||||
|
||||
The backup system includes health checks:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# View health check results
|
||||
cat backups/health_check.json
|
||||
|
||||
# Check backup logs
|
||||
tail -f backups/backup.log
|
||||
|
||||
# View backup summary
|
||||
./scripts/backup-all.sh daily --verify
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Log Management
|
||||
|
||||
Backup logs are stored in:
|
||||
- `backups/backup.log` - Main backup log
|
||||
- `backups/restore.log` - Restore operations log
|
||||
- `/var/log/timebank-backup.log` - System cron log
|
||||
|
||||
Rotate logs using logrotate:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Create logrotate configuration
|
||||
sudo tee /etc/logrotate.d/timebank-backup <<EOF
|
||||
/var/log/timebank-backup.log {
|
||||
daily
|
||||
missingok
|
||||
rotate 30
|
||||
compress
|
||||
delaycompress
|
||||
notifempty
|
||||
create 644 root root
|
||||
}
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Troubleshooting
|
||||
|
||||
### Common Issues
|
||||
|
||||
#### Permission Denied
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Fix script permissions
|
||||
chmod +x scripts/*.sh
|
||||
|
||||
# Fix backup directory permissions
|
||||
sudo chown -R $(whoami):$(whoami) backups/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### MySQL Connection Issues
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Test database connection
|
||||
mysql -h$DB_HOST -P$DB_PORT -u$DB_USERNAME -p$DB_PASSWORD -e "SHOW DATABASES;"
|
||||
|
||||
# Check .env file
|
||||
grep "^DB_" .env
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Disk Space Issues
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Check available space
|
||||
df -h backups/
|
||||
|
||||
# Run cleanup
|
||||
./scripts/cleanup-backups.sh --force
|
||||
|
||||
# Check large files
|
||||
find backups/ -type f -size +100M -exec ls -lh {} \;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Backup Verification Failures
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Test gzip integrity
|
||||
gzip -t backups/database/daily/*.sql.gz
|
||||
|
||||
# Test tar integrity
|
||||
tar -tzf backups/storage/daily/*.tar.gz >/dev/null
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Recovery Procedures
|
||||
|
||||
#### Complete System Recovery
|
||||
|
||||
1. **Prepare clean environment:**
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Install Laravel dependencies
|
||||
composer install --no-dev --optimize-autoloader
|
||||
npm install && npm run build
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
2. **Restore database:**
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
./scripts/restore-database.sh --latest --confirm
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
3. **Restore storage:**
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
./scripts/restore-storage.sh --latest --confirm
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
4. **Post-restore steps:**
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
php artisan storage:link
|
||||
php artisan config:clear
|
||||
php artisan cache:clear
|
||||
php artisan migrate:status
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Partial Recovery
|
||||
|
||||
**Database only:**
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
./scripts/restore-database.sh --latest
|
||||
php artisan migrate:status
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Storage only:**
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
./scripts/restore-storage.sh --latest --merge
|
||||
php artisan storage:link
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Best Practices
|
||||
|
||||
### Security
|
||||
|
||||
1. **Protect backup files:**
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
chmod 600 backups/database/**/*.sql.gz
|
||||
chmod 600 backups/storage/**/*.tar.gz
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
2. **Use secure file transfer:**
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Example: Upload to secure cloud storage
|
||||
rclone sync backups/ remote:timebank-backups/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
3. **Encrypt sensitive backups:**
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Example: GPG encryption
|
||||
gpg --symmetric --cipher-algo AES256 backup.sql.gz
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Performance
|
||||
|
||||
1. **Schedule during low-traffic periods**
|
||||
2. **Monitor backup duration and adjust frequency**
|
||||
3. **Use fast storage for backup directory**
|
||||
4. **Consider incremental-only backups for large storage**
|
||||
|
||||
### Reliability
|
||||
|
||||
1. **Test restores regularly:**
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Monthly restore test
|
||||
./scripts/restore-database.sh --latest --confirm
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
2. **Monitor backup success:**
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Check recent backup status
|
||||
find backups/ -name "*.gz" -mtime -1 -ls
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
3. **Verify backup integrity:**
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Run verification on all recent backups
|
||||
./scripts/backup-all.sh daily --verify
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
4. **Keep multiple backup locations:**
|
||||
- Local backups for quick recovery
|
||||
- Remote backups for disaster recovery
|
||||
- Cloud storage for long-term retention
|
||||
|
||||
### Documentation
|
||||
|
||||
1. **Keep this guide updated**
|
||||
2. **Document any customizations**
|
||||
3. **Maintain recovery contact information**
|
||||
4. **Document environment-specific configurations**
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Support
|
||||
|
||||
For issues or questions regarding the backup system:
|
||||
|
||||
1. Check the troubleshooting section above
|
||||
2. Review backup logs: `tail -f backups/backup.log`
|
||||
3. Test with `--dry-run` options first
|
||||
4. Ensure all prerequisites are installed
|
||||
|
||||
**Remember**: Always test your restore procedures in a non-production environment before relying on them in production!
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user